Pakalipano, matenda akuluakulu omwe amakhudza thanzi ndi kupanga ntchito ya nkhuku zowonongeka ndi MS, AE, IC, ILT, IB, H9, etc. Koma ponena za kuwonongeka kwachuma kwa famu, IB iyenera kukhala yoyamba. Makamaka, nkhuku kuyambira April mpaka June 2017 zinali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a IB.

1. Phunzirani zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Aliyense amadziwa za matenda a IB. IBV ndi kachilombo ka serotype yambiri. Njira yaikulu ya matenda ndi njira yopuma, makamaka yomwe imakhudza kupuma, njira yoberekera, mkodzo, ndi zina zotero. Pakalipano, vuto la QX ndilo vuto lalikulu la mliri. Timagwiritsanso ntchito katemera wamitundumitundu ku China, kuphatikiza katemera wamoyo komanso wosagwira ntchito. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mtundu wa misa: Ma5, H120, 28 / 86, H52, W93; 4/91 mtundu: 4/91; Ldt3 / 03: ldt3-a; Mtundu wa QX: qxl87; Katemera wosatsegulidwa M41 ndi zina zotero.

Matenda a kupuma kosalekeza ndi matenda obwera mobwerezabwereza ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a IB. Awiriwa matenda kupanga kupuma thirakiti mucosa nkhuku kuonongeka mobwerezabwereza.

Monga tonse tikudziwa, chitetezo cha IB makamaka chimadalira mucosal antibody, ndipo njira yaikulu ya matenda ndi kupuma. Kuwonongeka kosalekeza kapena mobwerezabwereza kwa mucosal kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi cha katemera wa IB wopangidwa panthawi ya nkhuku ndi nthawi yoswana, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a IBV.

Makamaka, malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri a matendawa ndi minda ya nkhuku yomwe imapitirizabe kulowa nkhuku, zomwe sizili zonse mkati ndi kunja kwa nkhuku, zomwe ziri zopanda kanthu komanso zopanda kanthu pamene msika uli wabwino, minda ya polyculture yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. magulu ankhuku azaka, ndi omwe angoyamba kumene kugwiritsa ntchito mafamu oweta omwe ali ndi digiri yapamwamba yamagetsi.

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe chimayambitsa matenda opitilira kupuma komanso matenda obweranso m'mapapo pakukula komanso kukula? Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi zotani komanso momwe mungapewere?

Choyamba, mphepo yozizira nkhawa

Chifukwa cha matenda

Mpweya wabwino kwambiri, vuto lowongolera kutentha, malo olowera mpweya pafupi kwambiri ndi nkhuku, kupanikizika koyipa sikukwanira, mayendedwe amphepo abwerera, nyumba ya nkhuku siyimatsekedwa mwamphamvu, pali mphepo yakuba, ndi zina zambiri.

Zizindikiro zachipatala

Mwadzidzidzi, mkhalidwe wamaganizo wa nkhuku unakula, kudya tsiku ndi tsiku kunachepa, madzi akumwa akuchepa, khosi lawo linafota, nthenga zawo zinali zaukali ndi zosalongosoka, mphuno imodzi kapena zonse ziŵiri zinaoneka bwino, ndipo zinayetsemula ndi kukhosomola. kukhumudwa usiku. Ngati si nthawi yake kupewa ndi kuchiza, kudzakhala yachiwiri matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera

Sankhani nthawi yomwe kutentha kumatsika kwambiri masana, mverani kutentha pafupi ndi nkhuku zodwala, yang'anani komwe kumachokera mphepo yozizira, pezani chomwe chimayambitsa, ndikuthetsa bwinobwino.

Ngati chiwerengerochi chikucheperachepera 1% ya anthu, nkhuku zimachira mwachibadwa zitasintha mpweya wabwino. Ngati apezeka pambuyo pake ndipo chiwerengero cha chiwerengero chikuposa 1% ya anthu, tiyenera kutenga tylosin, doxycycline, Shuanghuanglian ndi mankhwala ena pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza malinga ndi zosowa za matendawa.

Chachiwiri, mpweya wocheperako, ammonia ndi mpweya wina woipa umaposa muyezo

Chifukwa cha matenda

Pofuna kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo mpweya woipa mu henhouse sumasulidwa nthawi. Komanso, matenda nayonso mphamvu ya manyowa nkhuku chifukwa mwadzidzidzi chimbudzi ndi kutayikira madzi kumwa nipple ndi chifukwa cha matenda.

Zizindikiro zachipatala

Maso a nkhuku anali opunduka, ogona komanso opunduka, ndipo zikope zinali zofiira komanso zotupa, makamaka pamtunda wapamwamba kapena kutulutsa mpweya. Nkhuku zingapo zinakhosomola ndi kukonkha. Anthu akamachoka, nkhuku zimakonda kugona. Anthu akabwera, nkhuku zimakhala bwino m'maganizo. Palibe kusintha koonekeratu pakudya ndi kumwa madzi.

Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wocheperako, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino kunatsimikiziridwa. Pamene kuteteza kutentha ndi kusamvana kochepa kwa kupuma kwa mpweya, kusungirako kutentha sikunanyalanyazidwe kuti kuwonetsetse kupuma pang'ono.

Kuti tiwonjeze kutentha kwa nkhuku, tiyenera kuganizira za kusunga mpweya ndi kutentha kwa nkhuku. Kusintha nsonga zamabele zomwe zikuchucha panthawi yake, kusintha kwanthawi yake kwa kutalika kwa mzere wamadzi, kuti madzi asatayike chifukwa chokhudza nkhuku.

Tsukani ndowe za nkhuku mu nthawi kuti mupewe mpweya woipa umene umabwera chifukwa cha kuwira kwa ndowe.

Chachitatu, kupanikizika koyipa, hypoxia

Chifukwa cha matenda

Nkhuku zotsekedwa zimakhala ndi mpweya waukulu wotulutsa mpweya ndi mpweya wochepa wa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanikizika koipa kwa henhouse kupitirire muyezo kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo nkhuku zimasowa mpweya kwa nthawi yaitali.

Zizindikiro zachipatala

Nkhukuzo sizinali zachilendo. Nkhuku zochulukira zidapangidwa kuti zizitha kupuma usiku, makamaka pamagulu amvula. Chiwerengero cha nkhuku zakufa chinachuluka. Kuchulukana ndi necrosis kunachitika m'mapapo amodzi a nkhuku zakufa. Nthawi zina, kutsekeka kwa tchizi kunachitika mu trachea ndi bronchus.

Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera

Kupanikizika koyipa kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala koyenera pogwiritsa ntchito ma frequency converter kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa fan kapena kukulitsa malo olowera mpweya. Nkhuku zomwe zinali ndi matenda oopsa zidathandizidwa ndi doxycycline ndi neomycin.

Chachinayi, kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi chochepa

Chifukwa cha matenda

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a anatomical dongosolo la kupuma kwa nkhuku, kuwonjezera pa kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide, kupuma kwa nkhuku kumapanganso ntchito yaikulu yowononga kutentha. Chifukwa chake, m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa, dongosolo la kupuma la nkhuku ndilofunika kwambiri, ndipo kupuma kwa mucosa kumakhala kosavuta kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda opuma.

Zizindikiro zachipatala

Nkhukuzo zinasonyeza kufooka, kutambasula khosi, kutsegula pakamwa, kugwedeza mutu ndi zizindikiro zina. Usiku, nkhuku zinkakhala ndi chifuwa, kukuwa, kukopera komanso phokoso lina la kupuma. Mphuno ya nkhuku zakufayo inali yodzazana, ndipo m’khosi mwa nkhuku zina munangochitika chitseko ndi bronchus embolism.

Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera

Kutentha kukakhala koyenera, tcherani khutu kuonjezera chinyezi mumlengalenga wa henhouse, makamaka nthawi ya anapiye, chinyezi choyenera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika paumoyo wa nkhuku. Antitussive mankhwala monga enrofloxacin, doxycycline ndi expectorant antitussive mankhwala kupewa ndi kuchiza.

Chachisanu, ukhondo wa nkhuku umakhala wosauka, ndipo fumbi limaposa muyezo kwambiri

Chifukwa cha matenda

M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'nyumba ya nkhuku kumakhala kochepa, nkhuku sizikhala zaukhondo, ndipo fumbi la mlengalenga limaposa muyezo.

Zizindikiro zachipatala

Nkhuku zimayetsemula, kutsokomola, ndi nkhonono kwambiri. Mukalowa m’nyumba ya nkhuku, mumatha kuona fumbi likuyandama m’mwamba. Mphindi zochepa pambuyo pake, zovala za anthu ndi tsitsi zonse zili fumbi loyera. Matenda opuma a nkhuku samachiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera

Kutentha kumaloledwa, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya uyenera kuwonjezeka kuti utulutse fumbi kuchokera ku henhouse. Kuonjezera apo, kuyeretsa nthawi yake ya nkhuku, chinyezi ndi kuchepetsa fumbi ndi njira zabwino zochotsera fumbi. Zowopsa ndi tylosin, Shuanghuanglian ndi kupewa ndi kuchiza kwina.