Matenda Opumira Osatha mu Nkhuku

Chronic Respiratory Disease ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri a mabakiteriya omwe akuwopseza ziweto padziko lonse lapansi. Ikalowa m'gulu la ziweto, imakhala pamenepo. Kodi ndizotheka kuteteza nkhuku yanu imodzi ndi zomwe mungachite ngati ili ndi kachilombo?

Kodi Matenda Osapumira Odwala mu Nkhuku ndi Chiyani?

Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) kapena mycoplasmosis ndi matenda ofala kwambiri oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya obwera chifukwa cha Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Mbalame zimakhala ndi maso otumbululuka, kutuluka m'mphuno, chifuwa, ndi phokoso. Ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a nkhuku omwe amakhala ovuta kuwathetsa akangolowa mgulu la ziweto.

Mabakiteriya a mycoplasma amakonda nkhuku zomwe zili ndi nkhawa. Nkhuku imatha kukhala chete m'thupi la nkhuku, koma imatuluka mwadzidzidzi pamene nkhuku ili ndi nkhawa. Matendawa akangoyamba, amayamba kupatsirana ndipo amakhala ndi njira zingapo zofalitsira ziweto.

Mycoplasmosis ndi amodzi mwa matenda omwe amapezeka m'maofesi a veterinarian. Matambala ndi ana aang'ono amavutika kwambiri ndi matenda.

Thandizo Loyamba pa Nkhani Zakupuma mu Nkhuku

• VetRx Veterinary Aid: Ikani madontho angapo a VetRx otentha, molunjika kuchokera mu botolo, pansi pa mmero wa mbalameyo usiku. Kapena sungunulani VetRx m'madzi akumwa (dontho limodzi pa kapu imodzi).
• EquiSilver Solution: Onjezani yankho ku nebulizer. Gwirani pang'onopang'ono chigoba cha nebulizer pamutu pawo, ndikuphimba mlomo ndi mphuno kwathunthu. Lolani nebulizer kuti azizungulira munjira yonse.
• Equa Holistics Probiotics: Sanizani supuni imodzi pa anapiye 30 (kuyambira masabata 0 mpaka 4), pa anapiye 20 (kuyambira masabata 5 mpaka 15), kapena pa nkhuku zazikulu khumi (zopitirira masabata 16) pa chakudya chawo. tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zoyenera kuchita Ngati Matenda Opumira Osakhazikika Apezeka M'gulu Lanu?

Ngati muli ndi chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti nkhuku imodzi kapena zingapo m'gulu lanu zitha kukhala ndi CRD, kapena ngati muwona zizindikiro za matendawa, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Yambani popereka chithandizo cha "First Aid" kuti mupereke mpumulo ndi chisamaliro chothandizira kwa mbalame zanu. Kenako, tsatirani njira zokhazikitsira kwaokha ndikupempha thandizo kwa veterinarian kuti adziwe matenda olondola.

Thandizo Loyamba la Matenda Osapumira Opumira

Popeza kuti matendawa amakhalabe osagwira ntchito m’gulu la nkhosa mpaka kalekale, palibe mankhwala odziwika kapena mankhwala amene angawathetseretu. Komabe, mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka m'sitolo amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikutonthoza nkhuku zanu.

Zoyenera kuchita mutaganizira kuti muli ndi Matenda Opumira M'magulu Anu

1. Zipatule nkhuku zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka ndikuziyika pamalo abwino komanso osavuta kupeza madzi ndi chakudya
2. Chepetsani nkhawa za mbalame
3. Funsani thandizo kwa veterinarian wanu kuti akudziwe bwino komanso kulandira chithandizo
4. Chotsani nkhuku zonse mu khola kuti muphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
5. Tsukani ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pansi pa khola la nkhuku, zisa, makoma, kudenga, ndi mabokosi a zisa.
6. Lolani masiku osachepera 7 kuti khola lituluke musanabweze mbalame zanu zomwe zilibe kachilombo

Zizindikiro za Matenda Osapumira Opumira

Chonde dziwani kuti ndi veterinarian yekha amene angadziwe matenda olondola. Njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a PCR enieni. Koma tithana ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za CRD.

Chronic Respiratory Disease ndikupuma kwapamwamba matenda, ndi zizindikiro zonse zokhudzana ndi kupuma kupuma. Poyamba, zingawoneke ngati matenda a maso ofatsa. Matendawa akamakula, mbalame zimavutika kupuma komanso zimatuluka m’mphuno.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Osapumira Opumira ndi:

• kutsokomola, kutsokomola,kulira phokoso,kugwedeza mutu
• kuyasamula, kupuma motsegula pakamwa, kupuma mpweya
• kutuluka m'mphuno ndi mphuno zodzaza ndi mafinya
• madzi,maso a thovu ndi thovu
• kusowa kwa njala ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya
• kuchepetsa kupanga dzira

Mycoplasmosis nthawi zambiri imawonekera ngati vuto la matenda ndi matenda ena. Zikatero, zizindikiro zambiri zimatha kuwonekera.

Kuopsa kwa zizindikirozo kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe katemerayu alili, kuphatikizapo zovuta, chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi zaka. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kwa nkhuku zazikulu.

Pamene amatumba a mpweyandimapapoNkhuku ikatenga kachilomboka, matendawa amatha kupha.

Matenda Ofanana

Kuzindikira kungakhale kovuta chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi matenda ena opuma, monga:

• Infectious Coryza- komanso matenda a bakiteriya
• Matenda a Bronchitis- matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma coronavirus
• Matenda a Laryngotracheitis- matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo ka herpes
• Kolera- matenda a bakiteriya omwe amasintha zisa za nkhuku kukhala zofiirira
• Matenda a Newcastle- kudwala matenda a chitopa
• Avian influenza - matenda a virus omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka fuluwenza
• Kuperewera kwa Vitamini A - kusowa kwa vitamini A

Kufalikira kwa Mycoplasma

Chronic Respiratory Disease ndi yopatsirana ndipo imatha kulowetsedwa mugulu la ziweto kudzera ku mbalame zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Izi zikhoza kukhala nkhuku zina, komanso turkeys kapena mbalame zakutchire. Mabakiteriya amathanso kubweretsedwa kudzera mu zovala, nsapato, zida, ngakhale khungu lathu.

Akalowa m'gulu la nkhosa, mabakiteriyawa amafalikira kudzera m'madzi, chakudya ndi madzi oipitsidwa, komanso ma aerosol mumlengalenga. Tsoka ilo, kachilomboka kamafalikiranso kudzera m'mazira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchotsa mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kufalitsa nthawi zambiri kumayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kufalikira kudzera mumlengalenga mwina si njira yoyamba yofalitsira.

Mycoplasmosis mu nkhuku sipatsirana kwa anthu ndipo siika pachiwopsezo cha thanzi. Mitundu ina ya Mycoplasma imatha kugwira anthu, koma izi ndi zosiyana ndi zomwe zimapatsira nkhuku zathu.

Chithandizo cha Matenda Osapumira Opumira

Maantibayotiki angapo angathandize polimbana ndi mycoplasmosis, koma palibe amene angachotse bwino mabakiteriya. Nkhosa zikatenga kachilombo, mabakiteriya amakhala pamenepo. Maantibayotiki angathandize kuchira ndikuchepetsa kufala kwa nkhuku zina.

Matendawa amakhala ogona pagulu kwa moyo wawo wonse. Choncho, pamafunika chithandizo pamwezi kuti matenda atsekedwe. Mukalowetsa mbalame zatsopano ku gulu la ziweto, zikhoza kutenganso matenda.

Eni ziweto ambiri amasankha kutsitsa ndikusintha gululo ndi mbalame zatsopano. Ngakhale mutasintha mbalame zonse, m'pofunika kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tithe kuchotsa mabakiteriya onse.

Mutha kuchiza matenda osachiritsika opumiraMwachibadwa?

Popeza Matenda Opumira Osatha amakhalabe m'gulu la ziweto moyo wawo wonse, mbalamezi ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala mosalekeza. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosatha kwa maantibayotiki kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mabakiteriya osamva maantibayotiki.

Pofuna kuthana ndi zimenezi, asayansi akufufuza njira zina za mankhwala azitsamba zolowa m’malo mwa maantibayotiki. Mu 2017,ofufuza anapezakuti zotulutsa za chomera cha Meniran ndizothandiza kwambiri motsutsana ndi Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Zitsamba za Meniran zili ndi mankhwala ambiri oletsa antibacterial, monga terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, ndi tannins.Kenako maphunziroadatsimikizira zotsatirazi ndipo adanenanso kuti zowonjezera za Meniran 65% zidakhudza kwambiri thanzi la nkhuku.

Ngakhale zotsatira zake zikulonjeza, musayembekezere kusintha kwakukulu komweku kuchokera kumankhwala azitsamba poyerekeza ndi maantibayotiki.

Zotsatira za Matenda Opumira Osatha atachira

Ngakhale zitachira, mbalamezi zimanyamula mabakiteriyawo mochedwa m’thupi mwawo. Mabakiteriyawa samayambitsa zizindikiro za matenda, koma amakhudza thupi la nkhuku. Chotsatira chachikulu ndi kuchepa pang'ono koma kwakukulu kwanthawi yayitali kwa kupanga dzira kwa nkhuku zoikira dzira.

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi nkhuku zomwe zimatemera katemera wamoyo wochepa, monga momwe tidzakambirana mtsogolo.

Zowopsa

Nkhuku zambiri zimanyamula mabakiteriya koma siziwonetsa zizindikiro mpaka zitakhala ndi nkhawa. Kupsinjika maganizo kumatha kubwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Zitsanzo za zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse mycoplasmosis yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa ndi izi:

• kubweretsa nkhuku ku gulu latsopano
• nkhosa zopulumuka awolusakuwukira
• kutaya nthenga panthawikusungunula
• wochuluka kapenaatambala aukali
• kusowa malomu khola la nkhuku
• kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi
• kusowa kwampweya wabwinokomanso mpweya woipa

Sizodziwikiratu nthawi zonse zomwe zimakhala zovuta, ndipo nthawi zina sizitenga zambiri kuti zifike poyambira. Ngakhale kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa nyengo ndi nyengo kungayambitse nkhawa zokwanira kuti Mycoplasma itenge.

Kupewa Matenda Osapumira Opumira

Kuteteza Matenda Osapumira Opumira kumakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu:

• kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kupewa mikhalidwe yovuta
• kuletsa mabakiteriya kulowa mgulu la ziweto
• katemera

Kwenikweni izi zikutanthauza:

• amangotenga mbalame kuchokera kumagulu omwe alibe mycoplasmosis ndipo ali ndi katemera wokwanira
• Ikani nkhuku zatsopano m'khola kwa milungu ingapo
• khalani ndi chitetezo chabwino, makamaka poyendera ziweto zina
• perekani zokwanirampweya wabwino mu khola la nkhuku; utsi wa ammonia umakwiyitsa ndikufooketsa chimphepo cha nkhuku
• pafupipafupiyeretsani ndikuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu khola la nkhuku, zodyetsa, ndi zothirira
• onetsetsaniNkhuku zimakhala ndi malo okwanira mu khola la nkhuku ndi kuthamanga
• perekani zogona kuti muteteze kupsinjika kwa kutentha kapena kutentha kwakunja munyengo yozizira
• kuchepetsa kupezerera anzawo kapena kuwonongeka kwa nthenga ndiopanda pini peepersndi/kapenazishalo za nkhuku
• zilombo umboni khola la nkhuku zanuzilombo zofala m'dera lanu
• patsani ziweto zanu zakudya zoyenera ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera za mbalame zofooka

Njira zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pochita ndi anapiye. Ndi mindandanda yayitali, koma zambiri mwazinthuzi ziyenera kukhala gawo lazochita zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku. Zimathandizira kuwonjezera maantibayotiki owonjezera m'madzi akumwa m'malo ovuta.

Tsopano, pali chinachake choti chinenedwe chokhudza katemera.

Katemera wa Mycoplasmosis

Pali mitundu iwiri ya katemera yomwe ilipo:

• mabakiteriya- katemera wotengera mabakiteriya ophedwa ndi othetsedwa
• katemera wamoyo- Katemera wotengera mabakiteriya ofooka a F-strain, ts-11 strain, kapena 6/85 mitundu

Mabakiteriya

Mabakiteriya ndi omwe ali otetezeka kwambiri chifukwa alibe mphamvu ndipo sangathe kudwalitsa nkhuku. Koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa amabwera ndi mtengo wokwera. Amakhalanso osagwira ntchito ngati katemera wamoyo chifukwa amatha kuletsa matenda kwakanthawi ndipo sakhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza chitetezo cha mthupi.kupuma kwa nkhukukwa nthawi yayitali (Kleven). Choncho, mbalame ayenera mobwerezabwereza Mlingo wa katemera.

Katemera Amoyo

Makatemera amoyo ndi othandiza kwambiri, koma amakhala ndi mabakiteriya enieni. Ndiwowopsa ndipo amabwera ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Ziweto zotemera zimachepa kupanga dzira poyerekeza ndi zoweta zosatemera.Asayansiadafufuza zoweta zamalonda 132 ndikuwonetsa kusiyana kwa mazira asanu ndi atatu pachaka pa nkhuku yosanjikiza. Kusiyanaku sikofunikira kwa ziweto zazing'ono zakumbuyo koma ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ziweto zazikulu.

Choyipa chachikulu cha katemera wamoyo ndikuti amadwalitsa mbalame. Iwo amanyamula nthendayo ndi kufalitsa kwa mbalame zina. Ndilo vuto lalikulu kwa eni nkhuku omwe amasunganso turkeys. Mu turkeys, vutoli ndi loipa kwambiri kuposa nkhuku ndipo limabwera ndi zizindikiro zoopsa. Makamaka katemera wa F-strain-based ndi oopsa kwambiri.

Katemera ena apangidwa kutengera mitundu ya ts-11 ndi 6/85 kuti athe kuthana ndi vuto la katemera wa F-strain. Makatemerawa sakhala oyambitsa matenda koma sagwiranso ntchito. Zoweta zina zosanjikiza zomwe zidatemera katemera wa ts-11 ndi 6/85 unyolo udali ndi miliri ndipo umayenera kulandiranso katemera wa F-strain.

Makatemera Amtsogolo

Masiku ano, asayansiakufufuzanjira zatsopano zothana ndi zovuta ndi katemera omwe alipo. Katemerawa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono, monga kupanga katemera wa recombinant adenovirus. Makatemera atsopanowa akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino ndipo mwayi ndi wakuti adzakhala ogwira mtima komanso otsika mtengo kuposa zomwe zilipo.

Kuchuluka kwa Matenda Osapumira Opumira

Akatswiri ena amati 65% ya nkhuku zapadziko lonse lapansi zimanyamula mabakiteriya a Mycoplasma. Ndi matenda a padziko lonse, koma kufalikira kumasiyana malinga ndi dziko.

Mwachitsanzo, muIvory Coast, kufalikira kwa Mycoplasma gallisepticum mu 2021 kudaposa 90% -m'mafamu ankhuku amakono makumi asanu ndi atatu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. M'malo mwake, muBelgium, kuchuluka kwa M. Gallisepticum mu zigawo ndi broilers kunali kochepa kuposa asanu peresenti. Ofufuza akuganiza kuti izi ndichifukwa choti mazira oswana amayang'aniridwa ndi boma ku Belgium.

Izi ndi manambala ovomerezeka ochokera ku famu zoweta nkhuku zamalonda. Komabe, matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri m'magulu a nkhuku omwe sali olamulidwa kwambiri.

Kuyanjana ndi Mabakiteriya ndi Matenda Ena

Matenda a Chronic Respiratory Infection amayamba chifukwa cha Mycoplasma gallisepticum ndipo matenda omwe amapezeka mwa nkhuku nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa. Tsoka ilo, mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi gulu la mabakiteriya ena. Makamaka matenda a E. coli amabwera. Matenda a E. Coli amabweretsa kutupa kwakukulu kwa matumba a mpweya wa nkhuku, mtima, ndi chiwindi.

Kwenikweni, Mycoplasma gallisepticum ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa Mycoplasma. Pali mitundu ingapo ndipo ena mwa iwo ndi omwe angabweretse Matenda Opumira Osatha. Dokotala wa zanyama kapena katswiri wa labu akayesa Matenda Opumira Osatha, amapanga matenda osiyanasiyana kuti athe kusiyanitsa mycoplasmas. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a PCR. Ndi mayeso a molekyulu omwe amasanthula kansalu kopumira kapamwamba kufunafuna chibadwa cha Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Kupatula E. Coli, matenda ena achiwiri omwe amapezeka nthawi imodzi akuphatikizapoMatenda a Newcastle, Avian Influenza,Matenda a Bronchitis,ndiMatenda a Laryngotracheitis.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa mabakiteriya ang'onoang'ono omwe alibe khoma la cell. Ndicho chifukwa chake amalimbana kwambiri ndi maantibayotiki angapo. Maantibayotiki ambiri amapha mabakiteriya powononga khoma la maselo awo.

Pali mitundu yambirimbiri yomwe imayambitsa matenda a kupuma kwa nyama, tizilombo, ndi anthu. Mitundu ina imatha kukhudzanso zomera. Onse amabwera mosiyanasiyana ndipo kukula kwake pafupifupi ma nanometer 100, ali m'gulu la tinthu tating'ono kwambiri tomwe tapezeka.

Ndi Mycoplasma gallisepticum yomwe imayambitsa Matenda Osapumira mu nkhuku, turkeys, nkhunda, ndi mbalame zina. Komabe, nkhuku zimathanso kudwala matenda a Mycoplasma synoviae. Mabakiteriyawa amakhudzanso mafupa ndi mfundo za nkhuku, pamwamba pa kupuma.

Chidule

Chronic Respiratory Disease, kapena mycoplasmosis, ndi matenda a bakiteriya ofala kwambiri omwe amakhudza kwambiri kupuma kwa nkhuku ndi mbalame zina. Ndi nthenda yosalekeza, ndipo ikalowa m’gulu la nkhosa, imakhala pamenepo kuti ikhale. Ngakhale imatha kuthandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki, mabakiteriya amatha kukhalabe m'thupi la nkhuku.

Nkhosa zanu zikadwala, muyenera kusankha kuchepetsa kapena kupitiriza ndi gululo podziwa kuti matendawa alipo. Palibe nkhuku zina zomwe zingalowetsedwe kapena kuchotsedwa pagulu.

Pali katemera angapo omwe alipo. Makatemera ena amatengera mabakiteriya ozimitsa ndipo ndi otetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, sizothandiza kwenikweni, zokwera mtengo, ndipo ziyenera kuperekedwa pafupipafupi. Katemera wina amachokera ku mabakiteriya amoyo koma adzapatsira nkhuku zanu. Izi zimakhala zovuta makamaka ngati muli ndi turkeys, chifukwa matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri kwa turkeys.

Nkhuku zomwe zapulumuka matendawa siziwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda koma zimatha kuwonetsa zovuta zina, monga kuchepa kwa mazira. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku nkhuku zomwe zimatemera katemera wamoyo.