Kumene kuli udzudzu, pangakhale nyongolotsi
Mtima wamtimamatenda ndi matenda aakulu a m'banja unamwino ziweto. Ziweto zazikulu zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka ndi agalu, amphaka ndi ferrets. Nyongolotsi ikakhwima, imakhala mu mtima, m'mapapo ndi mitsempha yokhudzana ndi magazi a nyama. Nyongolotsi ikakula ndikuyambitsa matenda, padzakhala matenda oopsa a m'mapapo, kulephera kwa mtima, kuvulala ndi kufa kwa ziwalo zina.
Heartworm ndi kachilombo kodabwitsa. Sizingafalitse mwachindunji pakati pa agalu, amphaka ndi amphaka, agalu ndi amphaka. Iyenera kufalitsidwa kudzera mwa mkhalapakati. Ku United States, matenda a heartworm amafalikira m'maiko onse a 50, koma makamaka amakhala ku Gulf of Mexico, mtsinje wa Mississippi Basin ndi malo ena, chifukwa m'malo awa muli udzudzu wambiri. Pali matenda m'madera onse a dziko lathu, ndipo chiwerengero cha matenda m'madera ena ndi oposa 50%.
Agalu ndiwo omwe ali ndi mphutsi zamtima, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nyongolotsi zokha zomwe zimakhala mwa agalu zimatha kukwatirana ndikubala ana. Makamaka, anthu satenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a mtima kuchokera ku ziweto. Nthawi zina, anthu amatha kutenga matenda a heartworm atalumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti anthu si ochereza, mphutsi nthawi zambiri zimafa zisanasamukire ku mitsempha ya mtima ndi mapapo.
Kukula kwa heartworm mu agalu
Agalu akuluakulu amakhala mu mtima wa agalu. Azimayi akuluakulu amabereka microfilariae, ndipo mazira amapita kumadera osiyanasiyana ndi magazi. Komabe, ma microfilariawa sangapitirize kukula, ndipo amafunika kudikirira kufika kwa udzudzu. Udzudzu ukaluma galu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, umakhalanso ndi kachilombo ka microfilariae. M'masiku 10-14 otsatira, pamene chilengedwe ndi kutentha kuli koyenera ndipo udzudzu sunaphedwe, microfilariae imakula kukhala mphutsi zopatsirana ndikukhala mu udzudzu. Mphutsi zopatsirana zitha kufalikira kwa galu poluma mpaka udzudzu uluma galu winanso.
Zimatenga miyezi 6-7 kuti mphutsi zopatsirana zisinthe kukhala nyongolotsi yamtima wamkulu. Akuluakuluwo amakumananso, ndipo zazikazi zimatulutsanso ana awo m’mwazi wa galuyo kuti amalize kuzungulirako. Kutalika kwa moyo wa agalu akuluakulu ndi zaka 5-7. Amuna amakhala pafupifupi 10-15cm kutalika ndi zazikazi ndi 25-30cm. Pa avareji, pali 15 heartworms mu agalu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, mpaka 250. Chiwerengero chenichenicho cha nyongolotsi nthawi zambiri chimaweruzidwa ndi katundu wa nyongolotsi. Kupyolera mu zipangizo zoyesera magazi, mayeso a antigen amatha kudziwa molondola chiwerengero cha akuluakulu aakazi mu galu, ndipo kuyesa kwa microfilaria kungatsimikizire kuti palibe akuluakulu komanso mphutsi mwa galu.
Pali miyezo ina yowunikira matenda a mtima ku United States: kuyang'ana koyamba kwa heartworm kungayambe galu atakwanitsa miyezi 7; Eni ziweto aiwala nthawi yomaliza kuti apewe matenda amtima; Agalu akusintha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera mphutsi; Posachedwapa, ndinatengera galu wanga kumalo wamba wa heartworm; Kapena galu mwiniyo amakhala m'dera wamba heartworm; Pambuyo pakuwunika, kupewa matenda amtima kumayamba.
Zizindikiro ndi kupewa matenda a heartworm agalu
Kuopsa kwa matenda a heartworm kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa nyongolotsi m'thupi (katundu wa nyongolotsi), kutalika kwa matenda komanso kulimbitsa thupi kwa agalu. Nyongolotsi zambiri m'thupi, nthawi yayitali ya matenda, galu amakhala wokangalika komanso wamphamvu, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimawonekera. Ku United States, matenda a heartworm amagawidwa m’magiredi anayi. Magiredi apamwamba kwambiri, matendawa amakhala ovuta kwambiri.
Gulu 1: Zizindikiro zosaoneka bwino kapena zofatsa, monga chifuwa cha apo ndi apo.
Gulu 2: Zizindikiro zofatsa mpaka zolimbitsa thupi, monga chifuwa cha apo ndi apo komanso kutopa pambuyo pochita zolimbitsa thupi.
Gulu 3: Zizindikiro zazikulu, monga kutopa, matenda, chifuwa chosalekeza komanso kutopa pambuyo pochita zinthu zochepa. Zizindikiro za kupuma movutikira ndi kulephera kwa mtima ndizofala. Kwa giredi 2 ndi 3 cardiac filariasis, kusintha kwa mtima ndi mapapo kumawonekera pachifuwa cha X-ray.
Kalasi 4: yomwe imadziwikanso kuti vena cava syndrome. Mtolo wa mphutsi ndi wolemetsa kwambiri kotero kuti magazi obwerera kumtima amatsekedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphutsi m'mitsempha ya magazi. Vena cava syndrome ndi pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Kupanga opaleshoni yofulumira ya heartworm ndiyo njira yokhayo yochizira. Kuchita opaleshoni ndi chiopsezo. Ngakhale atachitidwa opaleshoni, agalu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a vena cava amatha kufa.
A FDA adavomereza kuti melassomine dihydrochloride (mayina amalonda immicide ndi diroban) akhoza kubayidwa kuti athetse vuto la mtima la Giredi 1-3. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, ndipo mtengo wake wonse wa chithandizo ndi wokwera mtengo. Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, X-ray ndi jakisoni wamankhwala ndikofunikira. Pofuna kuchotsa microfilariae, FDA idavomereza mankhwala ena, mwayi wambiri kwa agalu (imidacloprid ndi moxikeding), omwe ndi "aiwalker".
Ku United States, mankhwala onse omwe amavomerezedwa ndi FDA kuti athetse vuto la mtima ndi mankhwala omwe amalembedwa, kuphatikizapo madontho ndi mapiritsi apakamwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu (Ewok, chiweto chachikulu, galu Xinbao, etc.), chifukwa heartworm prophylaxis sichidzapha munthu wamkulu wamtima, koma heartworm. kupewa agalu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima wamkulu kungakhale kovulaza kapena kupha. Ngati microfilaria ili m'magazi a galu, njira zodzitetezera zingayambitse imfa yadzidzidzi ya microfilaria, kuchititsa mantha ngati momwe angachitire ndi imfa yotheka. Choncho, m`pofunika kuchita kupewa mayeso a heartworm chaka chilichonse motsogozedwa ndi malangizo a madokotala. "Worship Chong Shuang" ndi mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo okhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Simalimbana mwachindunji ndi ma microfilaria, koma amayesa kupewa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu ndikudula chingwe chopatsira pakati, chomwe chilidi chotetezeka kwambiri.
Kwenikweni, kupewa matenda amtima ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa kuchiza. Monga momwe tikuwonera pakukula kwa nyongolotsi zamtima zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, kulima udzudzu ndiye ulalo wofunikira kwambiri. Thanzi lingakhale lotsimikizika podula kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Izi zidzakhala bwino kwambiri kwa agalu atsitsi lalitali, pamene agalu atsitsi lalifupi amafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-23-2022