Mmodzi

Posachedwapa, eni ziweto nthawi zambiri amabwera kudzafunsa ngati amphaka ndi agalu okalamba amafunikabe kulandira katemera pa nthawi yake chaka chilichonse? Pa Januware 3, nditangolandira kumene kukambirana ndi mwiniwake wamkulu wa galu wazaka 6. Anachedwetsedwa kwa miyezi pafupifupi 10 chifukwa cha mliriwu ndipo sanalandirenso katemera. Anapita kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo cha zoopsa masiku 20 apitawo, koma pambuyo pake adadwala. Anangopezeka ndi matenda a neurological canine distemper ndipo moyo wake unali pa mzere. Woweta ziweto tsopano akuchita zonse zotheka kuti achire thanzi lake mwa kulandira chithandizo. Poyamba, palibe amene amayembekeza kuti ndi canine distemper, akuganiza kuti ndi kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic, omwe akanatha kuganiza.

Choyamba, ziyenera kumveka bwino kuti mabungwe onse ovomerezeka a zamankhwala pakali pano akukhulupirira kuti "katemera wa ziweto ayenera kuperekedwa moyenera komanso munthawi yake kuti apewe katemera wambiri". Ndikuganiza kuti ngati ziweto zokalamba ziyenera kulandira katemera pa nthawi yake sizinthu zomwe eni ziweto ku China akuda nkhawa nazo kapena kukambirana. Zinachokera ku mantha ndi nkhawa za katemera wa anthu ku Ulaya ndi America, ndipo pambuyo pake anakula kukhala ziweto. M'makampani azowona zanyama ku Europe ndi America, pali dzina loyenerera la izi, "Kukayikakayika kwa katemera".

Ndi chitukuko cha intaneti, aliyense akhoza kuyankhula momasuka pa intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidziwitso zambiri zosamvetsetseka zikuchulukidwe kosatha. Ponena za vuto la katemera, patatha zaka zitatu za COVID-19, aliyense amadziwa bwino momwe anthu aku Europe ndi America alili otsika, kaya ndi ovulaza kapena ayi, mwachidule, kusakhulupirirana kumakhazikika m'maganizo mwa anthu ambiri, kotero kuti Bungwe la World Health Organization lilembe "Katemera wokayikira" monga chiwerengero cha chiwopsezo padziko lonse mu 2019. Pambuyo pake, World Veterinary Association inalemba mutu wa 2019 International Pet Knowledge ndi Tsiku la Chowona Zanyama monga "Kufunika kwa Katemera".

Poyang'ana izi, ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense adzafuna kudziwa ngati kuli kofunikira kuti alandire katemera panthawi yake, ngakhale chiweto chikukula, kapena ngati padzakhala ma antibodies osatha pambuyo pa katemera wochepa?

Awiri

Chifukwa palibe malamulo oyenerera, malamulo, kapena kafukufuku ku China, maumboni anga onse amachokera ku mabungwe awiri owona zanyama azaka zopitilira 150, American Veterinary Association AVMA ndi International Veterinary Association WVA. Mabungwe osamalira ziweto pafupipafupi padziko lonse lapansi amalimbikitsa kuti ziweto zizilandira katemera wanthawi zonse panthawi yake komanso mokwanira.

Malinga ndi malamulo a mayiko osiyanasiyana ku United States, eni ziweto ayenera kulandira katemera wa chiwewe kwa ziweto zawo panthawi yake, koma sakakamizidwa kulandira katemera wina (monga katemera wa quadruple kapena quadruple). Apa, tikuyenera kumveketsa bwino kuti dziko la United States lalengeza za kuthetseratu ma virus onse a chiwewe cha ziweto, kotero cholinga cholandira katemera wa chiwewe ndikungochepetsa mwayi wopezeka mwadzidzidzi.

Bungwe la World Small Animal Veterinary Association linatulutsa "World Guidelines for Dog and Cat Vaccination" mu Januwale 2016, yomwe idalemba katemera wamkulu wa agalu kuphatikiza "Canine Distemper Virus Vaccine, Canine Adenovirus Vaccine, ndi Parvovirus Type 2 Vaccine Vaccine", komanso pachimake. katemera wa amphaka kuphatikizapo "Katemera wa Cat Parvovirus, Cat Calicivirus Vaccine, ndi Cat Herpesvirus Vaccine". Pambuyo pake, bungwe la American Association of Animal Hospitals linasintha zomwe zili mu 2017/2018, M'mabuku aposachedwa a 2022, akuti "agalu onse ayenera kulandira katemera wotsatira pokhapokha ngati sangathe kuwalandira chifukwa cha matenda, monga canine. distemper/adenovirus/parvovirus/parainfluenza/rabies”. Ndipo zatchulidwa m'malangizo kuti lamulo labwino kwambiri pamene katemera atha kapena sakudziwika kuti 'ngati mukukayikira, chonde katemera '. Kuchokera pa izi, zikuwoneka kuti kufunikira kwa katemera wa ziweto ponena za zotsatira zabwino ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa kukayikira pa intaneti.

Mu 2020, Journal of the American Veterinary Association idakhazikitsa ndikuphunzitsa madokotala onse odziwa zanyama, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri za "Momwe Akatswiri Odziwa Zowona Zanyama Amakumana Ndi Vuto La Katemera". Nkhaniyi makamaka idapereka malingaliro ndi njira zofotokozera ndikulimbikitsa makasitomala omwe amakhulupirira kuti katemera amabweretsa zoopsa kwa ziweto zawo. Eni ziweto ndi madotolo a ziweto amafuna kukhala ndi thanzi la ziweto zawo, koma eni ziweto amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda osadziwika komanso otheka, pomwe madokotala amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana omwe angakumane nawo nthawi iliyonse.

Atatu

Ndakambirana za katemera ndi eni ziweto ambiri kunyumba komanso kumayiko ena, ndipo ndapeza chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri. Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri kwa eni ziweto ku Europe ndi America ndikuti katemera wa ziweto zawo angayambitse "kupsinjika maganizo", pomwe ku China, eni ziweto akuda nkhawa kuti katemera angayambitse "khansa". Nkhawa izi zimachokera ku mawebusaiti omwe amati ndi achilengedwe kapena athanzi, kuchenjeza za kuopsa kopatsa katemera kwambiri amphaka ndi agalu. Komabe, patatha zaka zambiri zofufuza komwe kumachokera ndemanga, palibe tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe lidafotokozera tanthauzo la katemera, kuwombera kamodzi pachaka? Kulandira ma jakisoni awiri pachaka? Kapena mumabayidwa jekeseni zaka zitatu zilizonse?

Mawebusayitiwa amachenjezanso za kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali kwa katemera, makamaka kuthekera kwa matenda a chitetezo chamthupi ndi khansa. Koma mpaka pano, palibe bungwe kapena munthu aliyense amene wapereka ziwerengero za kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi katemera wopitilira muyeso kutengera mayeso kapena kafukufuku wamawerengero, komanso palibe amene wapereka chidziwitso chotsimikizira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa katemera ndi matenda osiyanasiyana osatha. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa ziweto chifukwa cha ndemangazi kwaonekera kale. Malinga ndi lipoti loona za chitetezo cha nyama ku Britain, kuchuluka kwa amphaka, agalu ndi akalulu omwe adalandira katemera kwa nthawi yoyamba ali achichepere mu 2016 anali 84%, pomwe adatsika mpaka 66% mu 2019. Kusauka kwachuma ku Britain, zomwe zidapangitsa eni ziweto kukhala opanda ndalama zopezera katemera.

Madotolo ena apakhomo kapena eni ziweto amatha kuwerenga mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, koma mwina chifukwa chosawerenga bwino kapena chilankhulo chochepa cha Chingerezi, ali ndi malingaliro olakwika akuti ma antibodies amapangidwa pambuyo pa katemera wocheperako, ndipo palibe chifukwa. katemera chaka chilichonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, malinga ndi American Veterinary Association, sikoyenera kuti katemeranso chaka chilichonse katemera ambiri, ndipo mawu ofunika apa ndi 'ambiri'. Monga ndanenera kale, World Small Animal Veterinary Association imagawa katemera kukhala katemera wapakati komanso osakhala wapakati. Katemera wa pachimake akulimbikitsidwa kuperekedwa molingana ndi zofunikira, osati pamalingaliro a eni ziweto. Pali katemera wochepa kwambiri wa ziweto ku China, kotero anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti katemera omwe si ofunikira ndi chiyani, monga Leptospira, matenda a Lyme, canine fuluwenza, ndi zina zotero.

Katemera onsewa ali ndi nthawi yoteteza chitetezo cha mthupi, koma mphaka ndi galu aliyense amakhala ndi thupi losiyana ndipo amatulutsa nthawi yosiyana. Ngati agalu awiri m'banja mwanu alandira katemera tsiku lomwelo, mmodzi akhoza kukhala wopanda chitetezo pambuyo pa miyezi 13, ndipo winayo akhoza kukhalabe ndi chitetezo chogwira ntchito pakatha zaka zitatu, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana. Katemera amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti kaya munthu walandira katemera moyenera, akhoza kukhalabe ndi chitetezo cha mthupi kwa miyezi 12. Pambuyo pa miyezi 12, ma antibodies amatha kukhala osakwanira kapena kutha nthawi iliyonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mukufuna kuti mphaka ndi galu wanu akhale ndi ma antibodies nthawi iliyonse ndipo simukufuna kulandira kuwombera kowonjezera kuti mupitilize chitetezo mkati mwa miyezi 12, muyenera kuyang'ana pafupipafupi kupezeka kwa ma antibodies, monga kuyezetsa kwa antibody kwa sabata kapena mwezi, Ma antibodies sangachepetse pang'onopang'ono koma amatha kugwa. Ndizotheka kuti ma antibodies adakwaniritsa muyezo mwezi watha, koma adzakhala osakwanira mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake. M'nkhani masiku angapo apitawo, tidakambirana za momwe agalu awiri omwe adaleredwa kunyumba adatengera matenda a chiwewe. Kwa ziweto zopanda chitetezo cha katemera, izi ndizovulaza kwambiri.

Timatsindika makamaka kuti katemera onse ofunikira samanena kuti ali ndi ma antibodies a nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa Mlingo wochepa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chowonjezera katemera. Palibenso ziwerengero, mapepala, kapena umboni woyesera wotsimikizira kuti katemera wapanthawi yake komanso wokwanira angayambitse khansa kapena kupsinjika maganizo. Poyerekeza ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha katemera, zizolowezi zoipa za moyo komanso madyedwe osagwirizana ndi sayansi amatha kubweretsa matenda oopsa kwa ziweto.