1.Posachedwapa, eni ziweto nthawi zambiri amabwera kudzafunsa ngati amphaka ndi agalu okalamba amafunikabe kulandira katemera panthawi yake chaka chilichonse? Choyamba, ndife zipatala zapa intaneti za ziweto, tikutumikira eni ziweto m'dziko lonselo. Katemera amabayidwa m'zipatala zalamulo, zomwe zilibe kanthu ndi ife. Chifukwa chake sitipanga ndalama ndi katemera kapena popanda katemera. Kuphatikiza apo, pa Januware 3, mwana wazaka 6 wokhala ndi galu wamkulu adafunsidwa kumene. Sanalandirenso katemerayu chifukwa cha mliriwu kwa miyezi pafupifupi 10. Anapita kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo cha zoopsa masiku 20 apitawo, kenako adatenga kachilomboka. Anangopezeka ndi vuto la mantha la canine distemper, ndipo moyo wake unali pa mzere. Mwini ziweto tsopano akuchita zonse zotheka kuti achire chithandizo. Poyamba, palibe amene ankaganiza kuti ndi canine distemper. Zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi hypoglycemia. Ndani angaganize.

Choyamba, ziyenera kuwonekeratu kuti pakadali pano, mabungwe onse azachipatala anyama amakhulupirira kuti "katemera wa ziweto ayenera kuperekedwa moyenera komanso munthawi yake kuti apewe katemera wambiri". Ndikuganiza kuti funso loti ngati ziweto zokalamba ziyenera kulandira katemera pa nthawi yake sizovuta komanso zokambirana za eni ziweto ku China. Zinachokera ku mantha ndi nkhawa za katemera wa anthu ku Ulaya ndi United States, ndipo kenako anakula kukhala ziweto. M'makampani azanyama aku Europe ndi America, dzina lapadera la izi ndi "katemera wokayikira katemera".

Ndi chitukuko cha intaneti, aliyense akhoza kuyankhula momasuka pa intaneti, kotero kuti zidziwitso zambiri zosamvetsetseka zakulitsidwa mopanda malire. Ponena za vuto la katemera, patatha zaka zitatu za COVID-19, aliyense amadziwa bwino momwe anthu aku Europe ndi America alili otsika, kaya ndi ovulaza kapena ayi, mwachidule, kusakhulupirirana kumakhazikika m'maganizo mwa anthu ambiri, kotero kuti bungwe la World Health Organization lilembe "Katemera wokayikakayika" monga chiwerengero cha chiwopsezo padziko lonse mu 2019. Pambuyo pake, World Veterinary Association inalemba mutu wa 2019 International Pet Knowledge ndi Tsiku la Chowona Zanyama monga "mtengo wa katemera".

Ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense adzafuna kudziwa ngati kuli kofunikira kuti katemerayu adziwike pa nthawi yake, ngakhale chiweto chitakhala chakale, kapena ngati padzakhala ma antibodies osalekeza pambuyo pa katemera angapo?

2.Chifukwa palibe malamulo oyenerera, malamulo ndi kafukufuku ku China, maumboni anga onse akuchokera ku mabungwe awiri a zinyama zazaka za 150, American Veterinary Association AVMA ndi International Veterinary Association WVA. Mabungwe ovomerezeka azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi adzalimbikitsa kuti ziweto zizilandira katemera pafupipafupi komanso moyenera.

Ku United States, malamulo a boma amanena kuti eni ziweto ayenera katemera ziweto zawo ku matenda a chiwewe panthawi yake, koma asawakakamize kutenga katemera wina (monga katemera wa quadruple ndi quadruple). Apa tikuyenera kumveketsa bwino kuti dziko la United States lalengeza kuti zathetsa ma virus onse a chiwewe cha ziweto, choncho cholinga chopezera katemera wa chiwewe ndicho kuchepetsa ngozi zadzidzidzi.

Mu Januwale 2016, bungwe la World Small Animal Veterinary Association linatulutsa "Malangizo a Katemera wa Agalu ndi Amphaka Padziko Lonse", omwe adalembapo katemera wamkulu wa agalu kuphatikizapo "katemera wa canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus vaccine ndi parvovirus type 2 vaccine", ndi katemera wapakati wa amphaka kuphatikizapo "katemera wa paka parvovirus, katemera wa cat calicivirus, ndi katemera wa herpesvirus amphaka". Pambuyo pake, bungwe la American Association of Animal Hospitals linasintha zomwe zili mkati mwake kawiri mu 2017/2018, Baibulo laposachedwa la 2022 limati "agalu onse ayenera kulandira katemera wotsatira, pokhapokha ngati sangathe kulandira katemera chifukwa cha matenda, canine distemper / adenovirus / parvovirus. /parainfluenza/chiwewe”. Kuonjezera apo, akulangizidwa mwapadera mu malangizo kuti katemera atatha kapena osadziwika, lamulo labwino kwambiri ndi "ngati mukukayikira, chonde katemera". Zitha kuwoneka kuti kufunikira kwa katemera wa ziweto pazabwino ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kukayikira pamaneti.

3.Mu 2020, Journal of the American Veterinary Association inayambitsa mwapadera ndi kuphunzitsa madokotala onse odziwa zanyama, kuyang'ana kwambiri za "Mmene Akatswiri Owona Zanyama Amakumana Ndi Vuto La Katemera". Nkhaniyi makamaka idapereka malingaliro ndi njira zolankhulirana, kufotokozera ndi kulimbikitsa makasitomala omwe amakhulupirira kuti katemera ndi wowopsa kwa ziweto zawo. Poyambira eni ziweto ndi madotolo a ziweto ndi za thanzi la ziweto, koma eni ziweto amasamalira kwambiri matenda ena osadziwika, pomwe madokotala amasamalira kwambiri matenda opatsirana omwe angakumane nawo nthawi iliyonse.

Ndakambirana za katemera ndi eni ziweto ambiri kunyumba ndi kunja, ndipo ndapeza chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri. Eni ziweto ku Ulaya ndi United States akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi "kuvutika maganizo" chifukwa cha katemera wa ziweto, pamene eni ziweto ku China akuda nkhawa ndi "khansa" yoyambitsidwa ndi katemera wa ziweto. Nkhawa zimenezi zimachokera ku mawebusaiti ena omwe amati ndi achilengedwe kapena athanzi, momwe amachenjeza za kuopsa kopatsa katemera kwambiri amphaka ndi agalu. Koma patatha zaka zambiri ndikufufuza komwe kumachokera mawuwo, palibe tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe limafotokoza tanthauzo la katemera wambiri. Jekeseni kamodzi pachaka? Majekeseni awiri pachaka? Kapena jekeseni zaka zitatu zilizonse?

Mawebusayitiwa amachenjezanso za kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali kwa katemera, makamaka kuthekera kwa matenda a chitetezo chamthupi ndi khansa. Koma mpaka pano, palibe bungwe kapena munthu aliyense amene wapereka ziwerengero za kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi katemera wopitilira muyeso kutengera mayeso kapena kafukufuku wamawerengero, komanso palibe amene wapereka chidziwitso chotsimikizira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa katemera ndi matenda osiyanasiyana osatha. Komabe, kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika chifukwa cha mawu awa kwa ziweto zakhala zoonekeratu. Malinga ndi lipoti la UK Animal Welfare Report, mlingo wa katemera woyamba wa amphaka, agalu ndi akalulu ku UK paubwana wawo unali 84% mu 2016, ndipo unatsika mpaka 66% mu 2019. kusauka kwachuma ku UK kudapangitsa eni ziweto kukhala opanda ndalama zoperekera katemera.

Madokotala ena apakhomo kapena eni ziweto mwina adawerengapo mapepala akunja akunja mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, koma zitha kukhala chifukwa chakusawerenga kwathunthu kapena kuletsedwa ndi mulingo wa Chingerezi, kotero amamvetsetsa zolakwika. Amaganiza kuti katemerayu atulutsa ma antibodies pakatha kangapo, motero safunikira katemera chaka chilichonse. Zoona zake n’zakuti, malinga ndi bungwe la American Veterinary Association, n’kosafunika kuti katemera ambiri azilandiranso katemera chaka chilichonse. Mawu ofunikira apa ndi "zambiri". Monga ndidanenera kale, World Small Animal Veterinary Association imagawa makatemera kukhala akatemera oyambira komanso osakhala apakati. Katemera wapakati amalangizidwa kuti azitemera malinga ndi zofunikira, pomwe katemera omwe si wapakati amasankhidwa mwaufulu ndi eni ziweto. Pali katemera wochepa wa ziweto zapakhomo, kotero anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti katemera omwe si apakati ndi ati, monga leptospira, matenda a Lyme, canine fuluwenza, ndi zina zotero.

Katemerawa amakhala ndi nthawi yoteteza chitetezo, koma mphaka ndi galu aliyense amakhala ndi nthawi yosiyana chifukwa cha malamulo osiyanasiyana. Ngati agalu awiri m'banja mwanu apatsidwa katemera tsiku lomwelo, mmodzi akhoza kukhala wopanda chitetezo pambuyo pa miyezi 13, ndipo winayo angapeze ma antibodies ogwira ntchito pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana. Katemerayu atha kuwonetsetsa kuti kaya munthu walandira katemera wolondola, chitetezo cha mthupi chikhoza kukhala chotsimikizika kwa miyezi 12. Pambuyo pa miyezi 12, antibody ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira kapena kutha nthawi iliyonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati mukufuna kuti mphaka ndi galu kunyumba azikhala ndi chitetezo cha mthupi nthawi ina iliyonse ndipo simukufuna kulandira katemera wa antibody m'miyezi 12, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati antibody imakhalapo pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, kamodzi kamodzi. sabata kapena mwezi uliwonse, Ma antibodies satsika pang'onopang'ono koma amatha kuchepa kwambiri. Ndizotheka kuti antibody idakumana ndi muyezo mwezi wapitawo, ndipo ikhala yosakwanira patatha mwezi umodzi. M'nkhaniyi masiku angapo apitawo, tidakambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe agalu awiri apakhomo adayambukiridwa ndi matenda a chiwewe, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa ziweto popanda chitetezo cha katemera.

Timatsindika makamaka kuti katemera onse ofunikira samanena kuti padzakhala ma antibodies a nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa jakisoni wochepa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chowatemera pambuyo pake. Palibe ziwerengero, mapepala kapena umboni woyesera wotsimikizira kuti katemera wanthawi yake komanso wanthawi yake wa katemera wofunikira angayambitse khansa kapena kukhumudwa. Poyerekeza ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha katemera, zizoloŵezi zoipa za moyo ndi zizoloŵezi zodyera zosagwirizana ndi sayansi zidzabweretsa matenda aakulu kwa ziweto.