Nkhaniyi idaperekedwa kwa eni ziweto omwe amasamalira ziweto zawo moleza mtima komanso mosamala. Ngakhale atachoka, adzamva chikondi chanu.

01 chiwerengero cha ziweto zomwe zili ndi vuto la aimpso chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka

Pachimake aimpso kulephera ndi pang`ono kusintha, koma aakulu aimpso kulephera si kotheratu. Oweta ziweto angathe kuchita zinthu zitatu zokha:

1: Chitani ntchito yabwino m'mbali zonse za moyo, ndipo yesani kuti ziweto zikhale ndi vuto la aimpso kupatula ngozi;

2: Kulephera kwaimpso pachimake, kuyezetsa koyambirira, chithandizo choyambirira, musazengereze, musazengereze;

3: Kumayambiriro kwa kulephera kwaimpso kosatha kumapezeka ndikuthandizidwa, nthawi yayitali yamoyo imakhala;

02 Chifukwa chiyani kulephera kwa aimpso kumakhala kovuta kuchira

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe kulephera kwa aimpso kumakhala kowopsa komanso kovuta kuchiza:

1: Monga tanenera kale, kupatula kuti kulephera kwaimpso koopsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha poizoni ndi ischemia yakumaloko kumatha kusinthidwa, zina zonse sizingasinthe. Kamodzi kuvulala kwenikweni kwa aimpso kumakhala kovuta kuchira, ndipo palibe mankhwala enieni a kulephera kwa aimpso kwa ziweto padziko lapansi, zonse zomwe zili zomanga thupi ndi zowonjezera;

2: Tonse tikudziwa kuti impso ndi chiwalo chosungidwa cha thupi lathu, ndiko kuti, tili ndi impso ziwiri. Ngati wina wawonongeka, thupi likhoza kugwirabe ntchito bwinobwino, ndipo sitidzamva matenda. Impso zimangowonetsa zizindikiro pamene pafupifupi 75% ya ntchito yake yatayika, chifukwa chake kulephera kwa aimpso kumakhala mochedwa kwambiri pamene kumapezeka, ndipo pali njira zochepa zothandizira zomwe zilipo.

Pamene ntchito yaimpso itayika ndi 50%, malo amkati akadali okhazikika, ndipo ndizosatheka kuzindikira mavuto; Kutayika kwa ntchito yaimpso ndi 50-67%, mphamvu yowonongeka imatayika, mtengo wa biochemical sudzasintha, ndipo thupi silidzawonetsa ntchito, koma mayesero ena oyembekezera, monga SDMA, adzawonjezeka; Kutayika kwa ntchito yaimpso kunali 67-75%, ndipo panalibe ntchito zoonekeratu m'thupi, koma biochemical urea nayitrogeni ndi creatinine zinayamba kuwuka; Zoposa 75% za kuwonongeka kwa aimpso kumatanthauzidwa ngati kulephera kwaimpso ndi uremia yapamwamba.

Chiwonetsero chodziwikiratu cha kulephera kwaimpso ndi kuchepa kwachangu kwa mkodzo wa ziweto, chifukwa chake ndimafuna mwiniwake aliyense kuti aziwona kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wa chiweto chake tsiku lililonse. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri kwa eni ziweto omwe nthawi zambiri amalola amphaka ndi agalu kutuluka momasuka, kotero nthawi zambiri imakhala nthawi yomaliza kuti ziwetozi zidwale.

03 Odwala ena omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu laimpso amatha kuchira

Ngakhale pachimake aimpso kulephera mu aimpso kulephera mofulumira isanayambike ndi pachimake zizindikiro, n`zotheka kuti achire, choncho n`kofunika kwambiri kupewa zimachitika pachimake aimpso kulephera ndi kupeza chifukwa cha matenda. Kulephera kwaimpso kwakukulu kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha ischemia, kutsekeka kwa mkodzo ndi poyizoni.

Mwachitsanzo, 20% ya magazi kumtima ndi impso, pamene 90% ya magazi a impso amadutsa aimpso cortex, kotero gawo ili pachiopsezo kwambiri ischemia ndi chiphe chiwonongeko. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri timapeza kuti matenda a impso ndi mtima nthawi zambiri amalumikizana. Chimodzi chikakhala choyipa, chiwalo china chimakhala chosatetezeka komanso chosavuta kudwala. Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwaimpso zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ischemia zimaphatikizapo kutaya kwambiri madzi m'thupi, kutuluka magazi kwambiri komanso kuyaka.

Ngati kutaya madzi m'thupi, kutuluka magazi ndi kutentha sikophweka, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti aimpso alephereke m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi kulephera kwaimpso chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mkodzo. Nthawi zambiri ndi miyala ya chikhodzodzo ndi mkodzo, kutsekeka kwa kristalo, urethritis, kutupa ndi kutsekeka kwa catheter ya mkodzo. Kutsekekaku kumayambitsa kudzikundikira kwa mkodzo, kutsekereza kusefera kwa glomerular, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni wopanda mapuloteni m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glomerular basement necrosis. Mkhalidwewu ndi wosavuta kuweruza. Malingana ngati mkodzo watsekedwa kwa maola oposa 24, tiyenera kuyesa biochemistry kuti tiwonetsetse kuti palibe vuto la aimpso. Kulephera kwaimpso kwamtunduwu ndikonso kulephera kwaimpso kokha komwe kumatha kuchira pakangopita masiku ochepa, koma ngati kuchedwa, kumatha kukulitsa matendawa kapena kusanduka kulephera kwaimpso kwakanthawi m'masiku ochepa.

Mitundu yambiri ya kulephera kwaimpso kumachitika chifukwa cha poizoni. Kudya mphesa tsiku lililonse ndi chimodzi, ndipo kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala. M'madzi ndi electrolyte wa reabsorbed glomerular kusefera madzimadzi, aimpso tubular epithelial maselo poyera kuchulukirachulukira woipa wa ziphe. Katulutsidwe kapena kuyamwanso kwa ziphe ndi aimpso tubular epithelial maselo kungachititse ziphe kudziunjikira mkulu ndende mu maselo. Nthawi zina, kawopsedwe ka metabolites ndi wamphamvu kuposa wa precursor mankhwala. Mankhwala ofunikira apa ndi "gentamicin". Gentamicin ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa m'mimba, koma ali ndi nephrotoxicity yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale m'chipatala, ngati matenda ndi mankhwala ndi zosayenera, n'zosavuta chifukwa poizoni anachititsa pachimake aimpso kulephera.

Ndikulangiza mwamphamvu kuti eni ziweto ayesetse kusabaya gentamicin akasankha. Komanso, ziweto ndi impso zoipa ayenera kulabadira mankhwala. Ambiri odana ndi yotupa mankhwala adzasonyeza aimpso insufficiency mu contraindications. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, antipyretics, analgesics, etc.

04 kulephera kwaimpso kosatha kumafunikira chisamaliro cha odwala

Mosiyana ndi kulephera kwaimpso pachimake, kulephera kwaimpso kwanthawi yayitali kumakhala kovuta kupeza, ndipo palibe zizindikiro zowonekera kumayambiriro kwa chiyambi. Mwinamwake padzakhala mkodzo wochuluka kuposa momwe timakhalira, koma sitingathe kuweruza m'moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mkodzo chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, ntchito zambiri ndi chakudya chouma. Komanso, n'zovuta kudziwa chifukwa cha aakulu aimpso kulephera. Pakalipano, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga kufotokozera ndi matenda a glomerular, monga nephritis, innate genetic nephropathy, urethral obstruction, kapena kulephera kwaimpso kosatha popanda chithandizo chanthawi yake.

Ngati pachimake aimpso kulephera angathenso imathandizira kuchira ndi kuonjezera kotunga madzi akumwa, subcutaneous jekeseni wa madzi, dialysis ndi njira zina zimapukusitsa poizoni ndi kuchepetsa katundu pa impso. Palibe njira kubwezeretsa aimpso ntchito aakulu aimpso kulephera. Chinthu chokha chimene tingachite ndi kuchepetsa liwiro la kuvulala kwa aimpso ndikutalikitsa moyo wa ziweto kudzera mu chakudya cha sayansi ndi zakudya zina, monga calcium supplement, kugwiritsa ntchito erythropoietin, kudya zakudya zoperekedwa ndi dokotala komanso kuchepetsa kudya kwa mapuloteni. Chinanso chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikuti kulephera kwaimpso zambiri kumatsagana ndi kuchepa kwa kapamba, komanso kapamba, komwe kumafunikiranso chisamaliro.

Njira yabwino yothanirana ndi kulephera kwaimpso kosatha ndikupeza msanga. Zikapezeka koyambirira, m'pamenenso moyo ukhoza kusamalidwa. Kwa amphaka, pamene mayeso a biochemical a urea nitrogen, creatinine ndi phosphorous ali abwinobwino, SDMA imatha kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kamodzi pachaka kuti muwone ngati pali kulephera kwaimpso koyamba. Komabe, mayesowa siwolondola kwa agalu. Sizinali mpaka 2016 ku United States pamene tinayamba kuphunzira ngati mayesowa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa agalu. Chifukwa mtengo woyezetsa ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi amphaka, sungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cholozera cha agalu kumayambiriro kwa kulephera kwaimpso. Mwachitsanzo, 25 ndi mapeto a gawo 2 kapena ngakhale chiyambi cha gawo 3 aakulu aimpso kulephera amphaka, Kwa agalu, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti ngakhale mkati osiyanasiyana thanzi.

Kulephera kwa aimpso kwa amphaka ndi agalu sizikutanthauza imfa, choncho eni ziweto ayenera kuwasamalira moleza mtima komanso mosamala ndi mtima wamtendere. Zina zonse zimadalira tsogolo lawo. Mphaka yemwe ndinapereka kwa anzanga kale adapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto laimpso ali ndi zaka 13. Anadyetsedwa mwasayansi ndi mankhwala pa nthawi yake. Pofika zaka 19, kupatulapo kukalamba kwa mafupa ndi matumbo ndi m'mimba, zina zonse zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.

Poyang'anizana ndi kulephera kwa impso za ziweto, eni ziweto ali ndi zisankho zochepa zomwe angasankhe, bola ngati amachitira, kukweza ndi kudya mwasayansi momwe angathere, ndizovuta, zovuta kwambiri kapena zosatheka kubwezeretsanso mtengo wamba. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi creatinine ndi urea nayitrogeni munjira yoyenera komanso yokwera pang'ono. Ndi dalitso lawo kuti achire, Mukachoka, mwini ziweto adzayesetsa kuyesetsa. Moyo nthawi zonse umabadwanso. Mwinamwake iwo adzabweranso kwa inu posachedwa, malinga ngati inu muli okonzeka kukhulupirira.